The life of Rosalinda Franklin Essays - Biology,

The life of Rosalinda Franklin Rosalinda Franklin was a British chemist best known for her role in the discovery of the structure of DNA, and for her pioneering use of X-ray diffraction. She was born in 1920 in London, England. She earned a Ph.D. in physical chemistry from Cambridge University. She learned crystallography and X-ray diffraction, and applied these techniques to discover DNA fibers. Her photographs provided key insights into DNA structure. Many scientists used her photographs as evidence to support their DNA model and took credit for the discovery. Unfortunately Franklin died of ovarian cancer in 1958, at age 37. Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born into an influential Jewish family on July 25, 1920, in Notting Hill, London, England. She displayed exceptional intelligence from early childhood; she started to show passion for science at an early age of fifteen. Franklin wanted to be a scientist. She received her education at several schools, including North London Collegiate School, where she excelled in science, among other things. She enrolled at Newnham College, Cambridge, in 1938 and studied chemistry. In 1941, she was awarded Sec ond Class Honors in her finals. Her award was accepted as a bachelor's degree in the qualifications for employment. She went on to work as an assistant research officer at the British Coal Utilisation Research Association, where she studied the porosity of coalwork that was the basis of her 1945 Ph.D. She studied t he physical chemistry of solid organic colloids with special reference to coal. In 1946, Franklin was appointed at the Laboratoire Central des Servic es Chimiques de l'Etat in Paris. S he worked with crystallographer Jacques Mering . He taught her X-ray diffraction, which played an important role in her research that led to the discovery of the structure of DNA. In addition, Franklin used X-rays to create image s of crystalized solids in identifying inorgani c matter, not just single crystals. In January 1951, she began working as a research associate at the King's College London in the biophysics unit, with director John Randall. She used her expertise and X-ray diffraction techniques to examine DNA fibers. She s tud ied DNA structure with X-ray diffraction, and made an amazing discovery with her student Raymond Gosling . They took pictures of DNA and discovered that there were two forms of it . One of their X-ray diffraction pictures of the "B" form of DNA ( Photograph 51 ) became famous as critical evidence in identifying the structure of DNA. The photo was acquired through 100 hours of X-ray exposure from a machine Franklin refined. Franklin was known for her cautious and diligent work ethic, but she was also known for her conflict with colleague Maurice Wilkins, a conflict which ended up costing her dearly . In January 1953, Wilkins changed the course of DNA history by disclosing without Franklin's permission or knowledge her Photo 51 to competing scientist James Watson, who was working on his own DNA model with Francis Crick at Cambridge. The two scientists did in fact use Franklin's Photo 51 as the basis for their now famous model of DNA . They published it on March 7, 1953, and received a Nobel Prize in 1962. Crick and Watson were also able to take most of the credit for the finding . M uch of their work however was based on Franklin's photo s and findings. Unfortunately, Franklin didn't know that these men based their Nature article on her research, and she didn't complain either . Franklin left King's College in March 1953 and relocated to Birkbeck College, where she studied the structure of the tobacco mosaic virus and the structure of RNA. Because Randall let Franklin leave on the condition that she would not work on DNA, she turned her attention back to studies of coal. In five years, Franklin published 17 papers on viruses, and her group laid the foundations for structural virology. In the fall of 1956, Franklin discovered that she had ovarian cancer. She continued working for two years, despite her illness. She received an experimental chemotherapy treatment and experienced a 10-month remission and worked up until several weeks before her death on April 16, 1958, at the age

Free Essays on Themes

The theme of a story represents the central conflict going on over the course of the whole story. A story can have several themes at one time. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is an example of a story with many themes. The two major themes throughout the story are the conflict of good vs. evil and morality vs. temptation. Another more minor theme in story is person vs. insanity. In the theme of good vs. evil, Goodman Brown is faced with the decision of staying with his Christian faith or joining the evil side. When hiking through the woods to the Satan-worshiping spot with the other man, Goodman Brown wants to go back to Salem to be with his wife since he kept up his end of the bargain. He tells the other man, "Friend, having kept covenant by meeting thee here, it is my purpose now to return whence I came."(132) He says this because he feels like he is betraying his religion by staying with this man. Another way to relate this theme is that Goodman Brown seems like the only person in the town who has not yet converted to Satanism so he may drop his Christian ways just to be like everyone else. A final way to relate it is Goodman Brown trying to protect his wife from becoming a Satanist. At the dark mass he attempts to convince his wife that Satanism is not the way to go, and that she should maintain her current Christian beliefs. This theme of good vs. evil covers the entire story because the whole thing revolves around a man split between going to a Satanist mass or avoiding it and remaining a Christian. In the theme of morality vs. temptation, Goodman Brown has to either follow what he knows is right, or do what everyone else is doing. One time when he encounters this theme is when he thinks his wife is dead when he is out in the woods sitting. A pink bow falls from the sky, lands in his hands, and he thinks his wife is gone. When this happens he decides that the world is given to... Free Essays on Themes Free Essays on Themes The theme of a story represents the central conflict going on over the course of the whole story. A story can have several themes at one time. â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is an example of a story with many themes. The two major themes throughout the story are the conflict of good vs. evil and morality vs. temptation. Another more minor theme in story is person vs. insanity. In the theme of good vs. evil, Goodman Brown is faced with the decision of staying with his Christian faith or joining the evil side. When hiking through the woods to the Satan-worshiping spot with the other man, Goodman Brown wants to go back to Salem to be with his wife since he kept up his end of the bargain. He tells the other man, "Friend, having kept covenant by meeting thee here, it is my purpose now to return whence I came."(132) He says this because he feels like he is betraying his religion by staying with this man. Another way to relate this theme is that Goodman Brown seems like the only person in the town who has not yet converted to Satanism so he may drop his Christian ways just to be like everyone else. A final way to relate it is Goodman Brown trying to protect his wife from becoming a Satanist. At the dark mass he attempts to convince his wife that Satanism is not the way to go, and that she should maintain her current Christian beliefs. This theme of good vs. evil covers the entire story because the whole thing revolves around a man split between going to a Satanist mass or avoiding it and remaining a Christian. In the theme of morality vs. temptation, Goodman Brown has to either follow what he knows is right, or do what everyone else is doing. One time when he encounters this theme is when he thinks his wife is dead when he is out in the woods sitting. A pink bow falls from the sky, lands in his hands, and he thinks his wife is gone. When this happens he decides that the world is given to...

Organizational changes in Management Accounting Essay

Organizational changes in Management Accounting - Essay Example Kaplan (1984) remarks; "Despite considerable change in the nature of organizations and the dimensions of competition during the past 60 years, there has been little innovation in the design and implementation of cost accounting and management control systems." In spite of important changes taking place in the quality and operations of organisations, the techniques adopted by companies and those mentioned in text books of management accounting date back to 1925. Thus Kaplan and many other scholars, encourage researchers to develop the subject of managerial accounting by conducting research and case studies. They state that "to describe and document the innovative practices that seem to work for successful companies" more and more research work and case studies have to be taken up. Following Kaplan and others call for research work and case studies a plethora of novel procedures in management accounting found its way into the field. A few of such new techniques were Just-in-Time (JIT), activity-based costing (ABC), and total quality management (TQM) which were accepted. According to Wendy L. Currie (1999) the objective he states is to incorporate into a single framework a number of factors that tempt the function of management accounting techniques in organisations using cases or degrees of organisational alterations categorised by N. Venkataraman. N. N. Venkataraman (1994) remarks that "The underlying goal for the framework is designed to reveal the distinctiveness of each technique in the organisational change context. Specifically, is there a systematic approach to applying change techniques and anticipating issues we may encounter in the change process" This paper examines the thesis statement which is; "Is this the hour to critically evaluate and reconcile the need for new management accounting techniques in the 21st Century with the compelling case for understanding and applying aspects of management accounting that have been taught traditionally" (Anthony, R, 1965) Formulating the theoretical account Thomas Walther, et al, (1997), remarks that the new environment which is produced by the authority of computing and the dislodgment of conventional accounting tasks, companies are counting on their financial specialists to "act as business partners with operations managers" by furnishing information to back up decision making. Christopher D. et al (1997 a, and 1997 b) states thus; "Accountants are increasingly involved in strategic management through the development and implementation of new accounting models integrating financial and non financial information". If the essence of the techniques intersects, accountants must clarify these intersecting areas to demonstrate how they may enforce to patronise different strategic intentions. Factors which call for changes in Management Accounting Internal organisational elements like organisational structure and culture, determine change and the execution of management accounting methods. But still sometimes these factors are not considered while implementing management accounting techniques. According to Jerold L. Zimmerman, (2001): "Total quality management, reengineering, activity-based costing, the theory of constraints, value chain management, just-in-time, and the balanced scorecard all assume that agents will enthusiastically adopt the new approach because it promises to maximize firm value." J. H. Waterhouse and Peter Tiessen (1978)

Transmission cabling and techniques Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transmission cabling and techniques - Assignment Example The advent of televisions and transmission of not only calls but also video or visual signals called for the introduction of broadband transmission medium in the form of broadband copper coaxial cables in the 1930s. This was followed by the development of coaxial cables into tandem that contained microwave radio relay systems in the 1970s. These were broadband systems in which television and conversation signals travelled through radio with the help of a number of towers. Microwave relay had the advantage of lower construction and maintenance costs as compared to coaxial cables (Migliavacca 143). Fiber optic cables that used light to transmit signals came before more advanced techniques of LAN (local area networks) as forms of transmission media. It was after the introduction of fiber optic cables in the 1980s that more advanced techniques like OFDM, which is the acronym of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing and MIMO which is multiple-input and multiple-output, were introduced as a modes of encoding digital data (Pejanovic-Djurisic, Enis, and Ramjee 94). The OFDM technology is a mode of encoding digital data on a number of carrier frequencies while MIMO is the application of several antennas on both ends of the transmission and receiving to enhance communication performance. Wireless technology is expected to advance further with predictions such as the use of light bulbs that have the capacity to transmit data through illumination. Additionally, wireless technology is expected to advance further to the implantation of devices with the capacity to receive wireless tr ansmissions on humans. This is expected to notify people of particular events

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Leadership - Essay Example Overview of leadership context Leaders of today are important people in the decision-making process in order for an organization to function the fastest speed possible and compete effectively with its peers (Morrison, 2000). The quality of a leader can make or break an organization hence people should be very careful when searching for leaders in their organization (Carpenter, 2007). Kelly (2013) argues that top performing leaders are very creative and innovative and can be 13 times more likely to outperform their competitors in a fair competition. This is because they are very innovative and are more likely to devise ways and produce quality goods and services than their counterparts hence achieve satisfying financial indicators. Organizations that portray poor leadership quality always lag behind from their competitors leading to losses and lack of development. According to Eriksen (2009), leadership quality does not just affect the bottom line; it affects the employee retention an d engagement thus resulting to more competitiveness of a business. He further adds that organizations with higher quality leadership are likely to retain employees than their competition due to high understanding and respect they accord their workers. This is profitable for the business since there is a link between engagement and the retention of employees in the overall performance of the business. Passionate leadership are those who full energy to their works thus proactively makes value hence act with a sense of leadership required to move the organization forward (Masculli, 2011). A passionate leader is a very important person to the organization since they can easily inspire good work and performance from his followers. Quality of leadership and passion in leadership goes hand in hand and thus cannot be easily avoided separated in the context of a business (Story, 2004). Given the gravity and role that leaders play in these highly competitive environments, the leaders who can fully meet the needs of the organization are hard to find. The Human Resource professionals are the one who has expressed highest concern for the quality of leadership in their organizations they has a direct impact in their operations (Leslie et al, 2002). The majority of the HR professionals interviewed showed lack of confidence with their leaders with a mere 25% showing confidence and trust in the ability of their leaders. This means that majority of the organizations are missing a great opportunity in having a potent kind of leadership they require to propel them forward. Organizations experience various types of leadership in different capacities and the higher the level of leadership the more expectation required from him in terms of accountability and development qualities. On the global scope and in respect to HR professionals, leadership quality is rated highest in North America and lowest in Europe and Asia (Leslie et al, 2002). The recession of 2008/9 exposed most organiz ations and the quality of leadership they had due to the nature of their reactions in combating the effects of the global credit crunch as many of them were guilty of losing focus on talents. The fear of losing talents is making most of the organizations to fear losing employees for the future development of the organizations (Carter and Greer, 2013). Quality of leade

Clinical Practicum Reflection Essay

Clinical Practicum Reflection Essay During my first day of clinical practicum in MMW AQH, the register nurse made a medication error and did not report it, she instead she tried to cover it. I would like to reflect on the incident and what I have learned from that situation as a nurse. Elaborate This incident happened during- my first clinical day in MMW AQH around 1pm while administering drugs by a register nurse, I was observing her practice in drug administration. She started to prepare the drugs on advance she asked me to collect the drug charts from patient bedside and nursing station .While she was distributing drugs for patient she was attending their needs and answering doctors order by the time goes she become distracted and lost her concentration this situation made me confused and not knowing which patient is next. The nurse had many task to do at the same time. She continued in drug administration but this time with improper way of patient identification, when we reach to the room where incident happen patient requested to take his drugs later as he still having his lunch she kept the drug near to him and left .After we finished three more patient she went back to him as remembered something she was looks stressed and panic, I asked her what happened she did not reply instead she asked the patient to give her back the tablet. Patient handed the tablet back to her then she gave him another tablet, I realized this was a drug error it was her luck that patient did not take the medicine, she start to explain to him what happen and asked for apology, the patient was so angry yet feeling sorry for her. He questioned her if he had the drug who will take the responsibility? She did not answer. He was not willing to cause a trouble for her so he kept quiet. She proceeded with her work like nothing happen, I was expecting her to report but she did not, when I asked the reason, she reply as long as no harm happen there is no need to report beside that there is no time to report. This left me thinking how many medication errors left un-reported? Analyze This experience left me disappointed it was hard for me to accept what happen because I have fixed believe that patient safety is first regardless how busy the nurses are. Since then so many question gushed to my head, why this incident happen? What are the causes? Was the staff nurse afraid? Is the nursing negligence acceptable? To answer these questions I have to recall the situation .It was obvious that the circumstances the staff nurse was in made her prone to such incident, her lack of concentration and her unprofessionalism in administering medication made her close to put patient health in danger. However this should not excuse her from responsibility. I can understand that she was in panic and in a stressful situation but she is accountable for her action since she decides to become a nurse and deal with human life. I believe that increased work load made her go for short cuts and malpractice just to finish the care .on the other hand she failed to identify the patient becaus e of distraction. But the main reason why she did not report is maybe she thinks about her colleagues reaction and she may be punished for that. From what I experienced drug error could be preventable if the staff nurses adhere strictly to hospital polices no matter what. Revise There is no exact definition for drug error but, the National Patient Safety Agency and the US National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention define it as an any preventable event that may lead or cause inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of health professional (smith, 2004). According to the latest researches which conducted by Food and drug administration association and the National Patient Safety Agency drug errors always left unreported for many reasons, some of these reasons are related to fear and work overload. These two factors were considered the most dominating factors when it comes to drug errors. Excessive work always leaves the staff fatigued and preoccupied with many task to do and less time to finish it (Mayo, Duncan Chloe, 2004). Work over load lead the staff to go for the shortest and easiest ways which result in poor nursing practice. Failed patient identification is also another result of work overload, health care professional are not able to counter check and verify patient identity correctly with other staff because of excessive work. On the other hand Fear from consequences and the colleagues reaction are always the reason why health care professional tend to hide drug errors and not reporting it. Their self esteem will be badly affected in that moment because of that, they will loose the ability to judge and they will comet more vital mistakes. However not reporting drug error is worse and harmful to the patient life. Professionalism is the only way to develop the nursing practice in administering drugs. Right patient identification, Right dose, Right drug, Right time, Right route and Right documentation are the safest bath to follow(ClaytonStock, 1997). New approach Drug errors are a common problem in health care facilities which always associated with serious events so reporting about errors becoming a must to improve the system and patient safety .Most of the international accredited hospitals such as Alwasl Hospitel are now blame free culture, encouraging staffs to report the errors and not to become intimidated by it. Also they deal with reports in confidential manner so the access to such documentation is restricted to authorize person. Their policy stat that all incident report should be written in narrative description which should be comprehensive description of facts containing no personal judgments or opinion and no implication or accusations (AWH. PP,2004). These hospitals are providing educational session about errors reporting which is important to increase the awareness among the staffs in order to become a positive link in the hospital. These hospitals are maintaining yearly competences in medication management and use for all hea lth care professional. One goal that all health care facilities are trying to achieve is minimizing work load on the health care professional. Most of these hospitals are controlling patient numbers and trying not to go beyond their capacity, they also trying hard to solve the staff shortage in way that will not affect patients and staffs. Other ways in improving medication administration system is by computerize the drug charts for more clarity and using unit dose system. This system helps the health care professional to minimize drug error, it include single unit package with generic and brand name, manufacture, lot number and expiration date. Following this system has many advantages. First it reduces the time spent by nurses in preparing drugs. The pharmacist will have a clear vision about patient situation regarding adverse reaction and contraindication. Patient identification will be easier as each single package has patient name and number so double à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬check m ay not needed in emergency cases(ClaytonStock,1997).

Pibrex Russia Essay

Then plant lacks a strong organisational culture; communications within and between departments are poor; there is inequity between in wages, working conditions and training and problems with motivation and employees is prevalent. Pibrex International is losing interest in the Russian operation and two sub-cultures exist within the Pibrex Russian organisation. The new General Manager, Elena Michasilova must develop an action plan that can turn the operations around to breakeven point by the year 2000 at minimal cost to the company. This reportoutlines to Elena Michailova considers both the external environmental (Political, economicsocialand organisation factors affecting Pibrex Russia and analyses why the plants are underperforming in a difficult economic environment and outlines four different unique strategies retrenchment, price leadership, quality leadership and export orientation) makes recommendations that Elena Michailova can implement to overcome the numerous organizational and financial challenges that the company faces. It establishes a viable export orientate strategy and industry leading restructuring programme, called Challenge 2000 that Elena can quickly implement to overcome these challenges she faces managing Pibrex Russia at minimal cost to the company. Implementation of both will lead Pibrex back to profitability by the year 2000 This report illustrates what the management team has done to begin a turnaround of the firm and the problems that remain. In particular, the company must reassess its management strategies and take steps to masintain its competitive position Introduction: This report considers both the external environmental and organisation factors affecting Pibrex Russia and analyses why the plants are underperforming in a difficult economic environment and makes recommendations that Elena Michailova can implement to overcome the numerous organizational and financial challenges that the company faces. It establishes a viable strategy and industry leading restructuring programme, called Challenge 2000 that Elena can quickly implement to overcome these challenges at minimal cost to the company. Background. Pibrex is one of the world’s largest producers of petrochemical based polymers for the plastics market. The company has purchased a plant in Russia and after three years of serious operating losses and has appointed a new general manager of the plant. The plant lacks a strong organisational culture; communications within and between departments are poor; inequity in wages, working conditions, and training exist but motivation and retention problems are prevalent. Pibrex headquarters is losing interest in the Russian operation and two sub-cultures exist with Pibrex Russian organisation. Two subcultures exist within the company because there is two separate manufacturing plants. The first plant is Pibrex KAZ, which is one the site of the original plant in Kalingrad. The other plant is the recently purchased (1993) Pibrex KZ plant which is just outside Moscow. In addition Pibrex opened a sales and marketing office in St Petersburg (called Pibrex AO) and a head office in the capital city of Moscow (called PibrexRussia). In contrast to the two manufacturing facilities Pibrex AO and Pibrex Russia were staffed with people from Pibrex’s other overseas operations and enthusiastic young graduates such as Elena. In 1994 Pibrex KAZ, Pibrex KZ, Pibrex A) and Pibrex Russia were grouped together into Pixbrex Region Europe North. However, within Pibrex’s decentralized governance structure, the regional subsidiaries were able to decisions autonomously In 1997 the management of PREN Europe North took steps to stem the losses at Pibrex KZ. Pibrex Russia was shut down and the sales and marketing department merged with Pibrex KZ. At Pibrex KZ over half the production workers were laid off and prices were raised to increased margins, but this only had the effect of eroding sales even further. A macroeconomic shock came in the form of the Russian Financial Crisis (RFC). This preceded the Global Financial Crisis. As a result of the RFC, Pibrex’s sales slipped even further and management was now fully involved in crisis management with the ultimate goal being survival. Whereas in the past Pibrex had relied on a decentralized governance structure, on this occasion, Pibrex formed a â€Å"steering committee† to direct strategy in its Russian operations. The steering committee reassigned Elena as the new Financial Controller and asked her to perform a financial audit on all of Pibrex’s Russian operations. They also decided to concentrate on reducing costs and increasing profits wherever possible. Sales activity was limited to only the largest and most profitable of customers. Also, the steering committee took various steps to control all finances as well as reduce all expenditures. The steering committee as Elena to serve as Managing Director and Financial Controller of all Pibrex’s Russian operations pending a submission of a full set of key issues facing Pibrex and a clear set of recommendation on Pibrex with the view to reaching breakeven point by 2000. This is that set of recommendations. Identification of Key Issues and Challenges. Pibrex Russia is faced with a multitude of problems and challenges that it needs to deal with as it progresses through 1988 and 1999, if it is to break even by the year 2000. ?The following is a synopsis of the most critical issues a)The Financial Situation in Russia Pibrex Russia faces very challenging external factorsthat make for a very difficult external environment as a result of the Russian financial crisis The unstable financial situation bought about by the RFC means that Pibrex Russia is strugging to increase its revenues and reduce its costsdue to rampant inflation; a dramatically devalued Russian currency, the ruble; the evodus of foreign investment funds; the financial collapse of many Russian small to medium enterprises, multiple bank faces and an increasing unskilled, unmotivated and cynical workforce. This unstable financial situation means that Pibrex’s costs (particularly of raw materials) is going up and increasing company failures will mean it will be more difficult to make sales. It will have difficulty finding plant finance and to attract and retain employees with the right skills. (b)Difficulties in the Internal Operating / Accounting Environment. The internal operating environment of the company also seemed very chaotic, like the external environment. There was a lack of internal accounting controls, which I assume would eventually impede the dire to drive down costs and increase revenues c)Difficulties in the Legal / Regulatory Environment. Since reentering Russian in 1992, the Russian government has imposed a number of operating conditions on PR that undoubtedly prevent PR from operating at optimal efficiency. Russian law required each of Pibrex’s subsidiaries to maintain separate bank account and pay local taxes (p125). There were also many other bureaucra tic hassles (d)Difficulties with Organisational Issues. Organisational obstacles included PR never being legally registered as the Russian mother company. The Russian subsidiaries were opened at different times and were therefore registered as different entities. Also the distance between the subsidiaries were substantial leading to taxation constraints. (e)Difficulties with Old and Poorly Maintained Plant and Buildings. The old plant and poorly maintained and buildings reduces the effectiveness of production, potentially creates health and safety concerns for the workers but more than that, it severely affects the morale of the workers who see it as ineptitude on the part of management and indicative of how they value the production workers. f)Poor Management and Employee Relations There are old and deeply held resentments between factory workers and middle management whom the factory workers believe â€Å"stole† the workers share of the company when privatization. This resentment has never gone away. The workers were also deeply resentful of the dual wage structure whereby sales and management staff who were transferred Pibrex AO (the Moscow sales and marketing office were given shiny new facilities while the production workers had to work in cold and outdated factories. (g)Cultural Conflict within Pibrex Russia In my opinion the main problem facing Pibrex is the cultural conflict between the factory workers and the company’s management. There are many subcultures at play within Pibrex Russia. This arises because Pibrex Russia itself is a merger between the old Pibrex Russia, Pibrex AO, Pibrex KZ and Pibrex KAZ. As a result of being part of the old Soviet Russia there is a rigid, bureaucratic and authoritarian culture which affects the production workers, and management. Characteristics of this culture included strong power distance, adherence to authority, belief in hierarchy, clear lines of communication, and strong uncertainty avoidance. Under this environment top managers did not delegate, middle managers did not make the decisions that they need to, whereas production workers looked for clear direction. This authoritarian culture was a complete contrast to, and did not fit well with Pibrex’s usual practice of decentralization and delegation. The highly complex and decentralized structure of PREN (Pibrex Region North Europe) which involved two business areas and four functions did not fit with this traditional, authoritarian culture at Pibrex KZ which favoured a more straightforward bureaucratic structure. After the Merger between Pibrex AO and Pibrex KZ there was a definite cultural conflict betweenthe younger, more urban, more entrepreneurial sales and marketing staff from Moscow and the older established production staff and established management staff from Pibrex KZ. (h)International Management losing Interest in Pibrex Russia As a result of all of the above problems listed above, it seems that Pibrex in Gothenburg seems to have lost patience with Pibrex Russia. Accordingly, Pibrex Gothenburg has a firm directive that it wants its Russian operations to return to profitability by 2000. General External Environmental Analysis Pibrex Russa is in the Russian plasticsand chemicals industry. Polymers and resins produced by Pibrex Russia are found in a large number of different Russian industries including packaging, construction equipment, furniture and consumer goods. It was expected that demand for Pibrex’s resins and polymers would remain strong as a result of the need to rebuild Russia’s infrastructure (after the fall of Communism) and to supply the Russian military. Although there were numerous overseas competitors, none of them had established themselves in Russia. Also, there was a strong research and development base In Russia for the development of resins and polymers In late 1990s the external environment in Russia is influenced by the downfall of communism and the RFC. The environment, particularly financial, was characterized by instability and unpredictability. This instability can be traced back to the soviet reforms ofâ€Å"Glasnost† and â€Å"Perestroika. † Russia embraced a programme of rapid economic reform and liberalization which involved removal of financial regulations and freeing up the Russian financial system. Largely, this prgramme of financial and economic reform was not successful and this, in my opinion was one of the main factors leading to the RFC. There was also contagion from the Asian Financial Crisis. The RFC resulted in a currency devaluation , bank and company failures the collapse of the Russian stockmarket, the exit of foreign investment and this lead to a â€Å"black market† economy. Chaos in Russia was not limited to the economy. There was extensive political and social instability as well. The post soviet government was still establishing itself. On a social level this economic and political upheaval led to many social ills and discontent e. g. increased alcoholism. S. W. O. T Analysis AS. W. O. T analysis Strengths A key strength that Pribex has is it’s relationship with its parent company. This relationship is important because Pribex can leverage of the parent company’s international reputation, tacit knowledge, its existing supplier relationships, their research and development facilities and manufacturing processes as well as its customer service and safety standards. Additionally I believe the parent company may be able to provide Pibrex Russia with financial backing, which is particularly important given the financial and economic environment described above. Pribex AO is a strength to Pribex Russia. Their culture is not as divided and its staff and highly trained and motivated. Additionally it is where Elena has come from so it has a history of effective management. Elena herself is a critical strength to the company. She is one of the key managers and is materially contributing to the fdinacial well being of the company. Weaknesses As mentioned before the company, the company has a number of operational weaknesses. The major one is the conflicts that arise in the various subcultures of the company but there are other weaknsses as well such as ineffective financial controls over revenues and costs, poor relations between management and employees generally, a divisive dual wage system and a absence of top management support. The two factories Pibrex KZ and Pibrex KAZ old, use outdated technologies and are not very pleasant to work in. The factories have also been poorly maintained so for these reasons production output is poor. In addition to production weaknesses there are also some financial weaknesses. The company is having difficulty increasing revenues in the current economic environment and reducing costs. The company has been losing money for many years and there is little prospect of returning to profitability Opportunities: Pribex Russia has an opportunity to establish itself as a market leader in the building polymer and resins industry and as the rebuild of Russia infrastructure gets into full swing, it should be able increase revenues and decrease certainly its fixed costs and this may lead to profitability. Additionally Pribex Russia, with its existing research and development facilities has an opportunity to pioneer new polymer applications and establish itself as an innovator in the market. As the Russian economy is reformed Pibrex Russia has the opportunity to improve its financial situation and develop a reputation as an innovator in the industry. Threats: The macroeconomic analysis above indicated that the RFC and the instability and uncertainty that it brings to the financial sector as the major threat to Pibrex. It is a threat because it makes it more difficult for Pibrex to increase revenues and reduce costs. The RFC also threatens the company’s ability to raise capital and to reward its works appropriately leading to resentment amongst workers. The other major macroeconomic threat is the political instability that exists within Russia and makes it difficult for Pibrex management to forward plan and affects confidence. If Pibrex pursues a â€Å"price leadership strategy† then it faces threats from competitors, both domestic and foreign, who can produce products cheaper and therefore charge lower prices than pribex thus undermining their price leadship strategy If Pibrex pursues a â€Å"product leadership† strategy based on quality it faces competitive threats from both domestic and foreign competitors who can beat Pribex’s current quality standards (which are affected by their aging, inefficient plants). Four Strategies that Can Be Implemented at Pibrex Elena should recommend the following four quite different strategies to the management of Pibrex. 1. Retrenchment Strategy. Under this strategy Pibrex Russia should retrench its operations and closing the aging loss making Pibrex KZ plant and focus on modernizing its Pibrex KAZ plant. This would eliminate all of the problems associated with the older Pibrex KZ plant mentioned above and this would help restore confidence in Pribex Russia with the parent company. The downside is that it would minimize opportunities for further growth and expansion 2. Price Leadership Strategy. To minimize the macroeconomic risks mentioned above and return the company to profitability the company could pursue a competitive strategy based on price leadership. Under this strategy Elena would aggressive pursue domestic production from both manufacturing plants through a low price strategy, which would provide more work for the current production workers. To implement a successful price leadership strategy Pibrex may need to draw up on the financial resources of the parent company. Pibrex would aggressive pursue and develop new customers though aggressive advertising (with support from the parent company). In order to adapt a successful price leadership strategy PR would need to aggressively control costs, establish strict financial controls and eliminate the vtwo tier wage structure 3. Quality Leadership Strategy. To minimize the macroeconomic risks to the company it could pursue a strategy based on quality. Under this strategy it would draw on the parent company’s tacit knowledge and research and development facilities to become a quality leader in the area of building polymers and resins. Elena would lead an aggressive sales strategy based on world leading research and innovation and become a centre of excellence based on quality. This sales strategy would be to mainly domestic customers and the strategies relies on a considerable upswing in sales, as a result of infrastructure building to correct the company’s financial situation and return to profitability by the year 2000. To assist in selling to the rejuvenated domestic market, Elena would draw upon the sales `skills and sales teams already existing in the parent company. Pibrex Russia would become a domestic leader based on this Quality Leadership strategy. 4. Export Focused Strategy. Under this strategy Pibrex would split its manufacturing plants so that the older plant, Pibrex KZ would supply solely the domestic market, and the more modern plant Pibrex KAZ would supply the export market. The more modern plant would be chosen to serve the export market because more quality and innovation is required. Success in export markets would require additional attention to the company’s quality management processes. This dual strategy should ensure there is enough work for all the factory workers. Additionally an export led strategy would benefit from any currency devaluation. This dual strategy and the increased attention to quality control may, in the short term require additional capitl funding that the parent company would need to provide. Overall Implentation Plan for Elena. It is recommended that Elena implements an export focused strategy. This strategy would take advantage of the company’s strengths (being the parent company’s knowledge, reputation, resources and sales strategies) as well as minimizing its weaknesses (under-capacity, bitterness between workers and culture conflicts). It would reduce the tensions between workers, increase production and reduce the overcapacity problem. This export focused strategy does not initially minimize all of Pibrex’s weaknesses (such as poor financial controls and lack of head office commitment) but these weaknesses maybe corrected over time. To successfully implement this export focused strategy I recommend implementing a change programme called â€Å"Challenge 2000† which will draw on Pibrex’s strengths and minimize the company’s weaknesses. Challenge 2000 will be led by Elena as well as supported by the Steering Committee and PREN management. Challenge 2000 will have eight distinctive steps that will ensure success: 1. Demand sufficient capital investment from the parent company to allow for the repair and upgrade of the Pibrex KZ plant, implementation of a new sales incentive sub-programme and a quality sub-programme based on research and innovation. . Complement the increased efficiency at the Pibrex KAZ and the upgraded Pibrex plant by removing excess layers of management 3. To this reduction in management layers by creating an efficiency sub-programme bthat implements inventory, cost and revenue controls throughout Pibrex russia 4. Alleviate employee resentment and bitterness by eliminating the dual wage programme, and implementing an aggressive bonus incentive programme that rewards both local export sales. 5. Implement the export focusedmarketing strategy but aggressive pursue all domestic leads as well 6. Develop a marketing plan as part of this marketing strategy for both the domestic and export markets. 7. Have Pibrex aggressively pursue all sales leads in domestic and export markets. 8. Co-ordinate production schedules to the marketing plan using just in time inventories Conclusion. This paper outlines four different implementation strategies that Elena Michailova can chose and recommends an export focused strategy for Pribesx Russia. The successful implementation of this export focused strategy complemented with the eight step Challenge 2000 program will ensure that Pibrex will be restored to profitability by the year 2000. Challenge 2000 is a viable low cost change program that will certainly impress PREN management. The successful implantation of both will be replicated in Priex’s plants throughout the world which will see Elena Michailova, the once young bright inexperienced manager, rise over time to be the world wide Chief Operating Officer for Pirbex

Diet and Nutrition

Overweight and obesity are among the most topical health related problems of our modern society. They are primarily associated with high risk for many terrible diseases, including heart attack, diabetes, etc. Recently, overwhelming majority of women and increasing amount of men are forced to pay serious attention on the meals they eat, to count the calories or to keep to some diet. There is a great deal of information about dieting and following healthy nutrition-style available in contemporary mass media.There are special TV and radio programs, in which medical doctors or other specialists speculate about different diets and give valuable pieces of advice. It is possible to find special magazines and other editions, presenting one or another type of diets or weigh-loss programs for the general audience. Finally, there is abundance of Internet sites, dedicated to the problems of obesity and overweight.As a rule, the most of the recommendations, connected with dieting and putting off weight, are quite individual and must be specifically given for any particular person, taking into consideration his/her health and psychological conditions, present life-style, marital status and so on. But there are some common points and tips, which can be suggested to anyone, who is thinking about starting a new healthy nutrition and life-style. Speaking about diet, first of all, it is necessary to reduce the amount of highly caloric meals in daily ration. Primarily, those are baked and fried foods.Many diet specialists suggest total refusal of eating all sorts of bread and bakery, made from white refined wheat powder. At the same time, it is necessary to include some small amounts of household bread or graham crackers, because bread has some important rare nutrients, essential for human organism. Also, any type of fried food is considered to be dangerous and caloric. Fried and fatty meals are direct contribution into fat deposits, which are drastically increasing weigh of the b ody. The same can be said about sweet foods, especially sugar and its products.These foodstuffs are rich with glucose, which is a perfect source of energy, but, at the same time, can be easily conversed to fat. That is why one of the easiest and most common recommendations for fatty people is to lover the consumption of sugar, sweets and chocolate. Second important suggestion is decreasing the amount of junk food. Contemporary life is making us very busy and tired of our problems, children, offices, schools and all the things. That is why it is a good solution in many situations to use ready meals in fast food restaurants, or to prepare ready-to-cook products.At the same time, our favorite pizza, Big Mac or Whopper are simply caloric bombs. They are usually prepared on extremely dangerous fats or oils and have a lot of fat-containing ingredients, like cheese, sausages, etc. The third tip on improving nutritional habits is to avoid overeating and eating late at night. Dietologists su ggest eating three-four times a day, serving a number of different meals in small portions. If hunger appears before the scheduled meal-time, some light yogurt, piece of fruit or tomato juice can be the best solution for handling it.Also, it is better to have dinner at least in two-three hours before going to bed. Certainly, not everything is based on correct nutrition and healthy food consumption in the program on putting off weight. Such activities like doing REGULAR physical exercises, being always moving and dynamic during the day, spending a lot of time outdoors and preferring active rest, are milestone points for people with extra weight. Besides, such spiritual practices, like yoga, proved to be very effective and supportive for those, who are trying to decrease own weight.If a woman is 5'4†³ tall and has 158 pounds of weight, she can find out (using some Internet resources or special comparative tables) that she is quite overweight, but, fortunately, not obese. That is why she does not need to keep to a strict exhausting diet, but some urgent steps must be done in order to put off her extra pounds. To do so, she needs to make some changes in her nutritional habits and establish some new rules of maintaining healthy life-style. To start with, she can adopt above mentioned recommendations, trying to lower the amount of fat and sugar in her daily meals and avoiding eating late at night.It would be necessary to learn cooking healthy meals, using as much as possible vegetables, cereals, fruit, meat, fish and other natural products. It would be healthy for all the family to give up eating macaroni or fried potatoes and enjoy delicious boiled or stewed foods, which are much more healthy and useful. Besides, she needs to re-schedule her daily routine and find more time for additional physical activity. For example, dieting can be perfectly supported by regular strolls or jogging.At the workplace it is better not to sit for long, or (if the work is connect ed with sitting) to do some frequent refreshing physical exercises. On the way home it is better to walk as much as possible, at least from the further parking place. Of course, it is good to use the opportunity of having active rest on weekends, like going out of the city, hiking, swimming, etc. The most important moment is: healthy nutrition and physical activity have to be regular. This will never work for people, who always put the things off until tomorrow and look for reasons to give up.Only doing regular exercises and always keeping away from unhealthy meals will work for good. This way, maintaining healthy life-style has to grow into a habit and work for keeping the body in normal weight for long time. That is why, in addition to everything above mentioned, it is also extremely important to get psychologically ready for the hard work on weight-loss plan. It will take enormous efforts to refuse some favorite meals, like cakes, hamburgers or fries; to follow the schedule of ha ving meals; to learn how to cook new dishes; to find some time to do physical exercises or jogging, etc.It is necessary to remain focused on the goal and be ready to do everything possible to achieve it. Undoubtedly, dieting and following healthy life-style will bring some certain changes into daily activity of the woman. For instance, it may take some more time to cook more healthy meals, or some extra time will be required for doing exercises and outdoors activity. That’s why in the beginning her husband and children may feel lack of her attention; she may have no time for doing something she used to do; she can feel more tired and have lack of rest, etc.Nevertheless, in three or four months the first results will take place and the first pounds will disappear. By that time, the woman will definitely get into the swing of her new life-style and feel less pressure from the things to be done. Therefore, the first outcomes of her efforts will become clear. She’ll feel l ighter and healthier, her self-esteem will rise and her capabilities will increase. This everything will immediately reflect on her family and bring to numerous positive reactions.

Free Essays on The Death Of Sarpedon

The Death of Sarpedon and Roger van der Weyden’s Descent from the Cross are works of art that come from two vastly different time periods and cultures. Yet, these pieces are very similar in many ways. A formal comparison reveals the differences and similarities of form and style in The Death of Sarpedon and Descent from the Cross. The Death of Sarpedon is a scene depicted on a large Greek vase that was made in the sixth century B.C. The scene with Sarpedon is shown within a band of gold leafing and design that circumscribes the vase. Sarpedon was a Greek warrior in the Trojan War. He was killed in battle and the vase shows two soldiers fighting over his corpse, one from the Trojan camp who wants to mutilate it, and one from the Greek camp who wishes to save it for proper burial. The god Hermes stands over the body of Sarpedon, looking down on the scene. Though I have not seen any other artistic depictions of Sarpedon’s death, there may well be others who treat this subject differently. Van der Weyden’s Descent from the Cross is an early Netherlandish painting from 1435 that illustrates the crucified Jesus being taken down from the cross. Other biblical-historical figures are included in the scene, some who were really there and some who were not. Mary Magdalene stands mourning on the right. Mary Mother of Christ has fainted across the front of the painting, while St. John the Evangelist who was clearly not there, stands on the left to catch her (too bad for Mary). The men taking Jesus down from the cross are likely the donors who commissioned the painting from van der Weyden. This subject is one of the most frequently explored in Christian art, as it shows one of the seminal acts of the early Christian community. Van der Weyden’s Deposition is very different from many others but also similar to many as well. Additionally, the two works are similar to each other already since both depict a dead man being carri... Free Essays on The Death Of Sarpedon Free Essays on The Death Of Sarpedon The Death of Sarpedon and Roger van der Weyden’s Descent from the Cross are works of art that come from two vastly different time periods and cultures. Yet, these pieces are very similar in many ways. A formal comparison reveals the differences and similarities of form and style in The Death of Sarpedon and Descent from the Cross. The Death of Sarpedon is a scene depicted on a large Greek vase that was made in the sixth century B.C. The scene with Sarpedon is shown within a band of gold leafing and design that circumscribes the vase. Sarpedon was a Greek warrior in the Trojan War. He was killed in battle and the vase shows two soldiers fighting over his corpse, one from the Trojan camp who wants to mutilate it, and one from the Greek camp who wishes to save it for proper burial. The god Hermes stands over the body of Sarpedon, looking down on the scene. Though I have not seen any other artistic depictions of Sarpedon’s death, there may well be others who treat this subject differently. Van der Weyden’s Descent from the Cross is an early Netherlandish painting from 1435 that illustrates the crucified Jesus being taken down from the cross. Other biblical-historical figures are included in the scene, some who were really there and some who were not. Mary Magdalene stands mourning on the right. Mary Mother of Christ has fainted across the front of the painting, while St. John the Evangelist who was clearly not there, stands on the left to catch her (too bad for Mary). The men taking Jesus down from the cross are likely the donors who commissioned the painting from van der Weyden. This subject is one of the most frequently explored in Christian art, as it shows one of the seminal acts of the early Christian community. Van der Weyden’s Deposition is very different from many others but also similar to many as well. Additionally, the two works are similar to each other already since both depict a dead man being carri...

Essay Sample on Changing The Notions of Change

Essay Sample on Changing The Notions of Change Change is an ongoing process that involves the alternation of one state to another. However, the way individuals respond to that change is largely determined by their perspective, of how they see and understand things as well as their underlining psychological, social and ideological constructions. The process of change may be spontaneous and it involves pre-change, catalyst and outcomes. In studying â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† by Melina Marchetta, this concept of change is shaped in terms of the central character Josie’s experience and lessons. Not only that, this universal theme is also observable in texts as diverse as â€Å"The Door† by Miroslav Holub, â€Å"American History X† by David McKenna, â€Å"My father began as a god† by Ian Mundie and â€Å"Student finds enlightenment in an embrace with her heritage†, an article out of the SMH written by Cynthia Banham. Collectively, various composers utilise a range of textual forms as well as stylistic techniques to convey the notions of change. Initially, the protagonist Josie of â€Å"LFA† takes a melancholic stance towards her position in the society. Her psychology is affected by her insecurity and confusion towards her cultural identity. â€Å"As far as the Italians were concerned, we weren’t completely one of them†¦We weren’t completely Australians.† The use of â€Å"we† brings the reader closer to Josie by speaking as if the responder belongs to her own social context, thus achieving empathy. Josie’s perceptions and ideology is shaped by her social background â€Å"At St Martha’sbrains didn’t count as much, money prestige and what your father did for a living counted†¦it makes me feel that I will never be part of their society.† First person narration is used in compliance with the confession style direct speech which effectively creates empathy as Josie never lies about her inner feelings. Being illegitimate and belonging to a lower-middle class , Josie’s ideology is strongly affected by the microcosm of a rich school society. Her envious tone conveys her self-discriminative feelings â€Å"Being stuck at a school dominated by rich people, rich parents†¦Anglo Saxon Australians who I cant see as having a problem in the world.† As can be seen, Josie’s initial confused perspective is effectively shaped by her psychological, social and ideological constructions. Progressing from the pre-change phase, Josie faces many catalysts initiated by herself and external influences. Her first encounter involves the entrance of Michael Andretti, her long lost father into her life. However, being neglected for seventeen years, she holds a mutually furious and confused attitude towards his presence. Her impulsive and angry tone demonstrates this:† How dare you think that I want to be in your life!† This however, contrasts to a later event where she utilises the external catalyst and initiates it as her own after she seeks Michael’s assistance with the Carly Bishop conflict. When Michael rescues her, she admits that â€Å"For a few minutes I knew how it felt to walk alongside one’s father, it was a great feeling.† her tone changes as she is no longer confused thus showing change, when self inflicted may lead to positive consequences. Another event which alters Josie’s perspective is the annual walkathon where she disregarded her responsibilities as the vice captain of school to lead the juniors. Her confessional tone conveys that she is maturing from the lesson â€Å"Deep down I knew I was wrong†¦I think my emancipation began at that moment.† Later on the day, she also discovers the truth about her captaincy that she was in fact voted the school captain. Her initial negative view about her social standings in the school takes a positive turn â€Å"and I was voted the school captain. Socially we weren’t as shitty as we thought we were.† One of the strongest catalysts which influence Josie is those of John Barton’s death. It effectively acts as the denouement of the novel, where the climax resolves all the conflicts. During the event Josie’s envious perspective on the rich and successful is challenged â€Å"How dare he kill himself when he’s never had any worries?† Her anxiety is resolved by her father that â€Å"A person doesn’t necessarily have to be happy just because they have social standings and material wealth, Josie.† John’s death is tragic but it allows Josie to mature from her naÐ ¿ve ideological perspective on the rich microcosm of the society. It can be therefore argued that change, whether initiated by self or external forces will allow people to positively progress. Every change has its outcomes. Josie’s confused perspective on her heritage is effectively resolved by â€Å"I’m an Australian with Italian blood flowing rapidly through my veins.† Her change of tone also shows the change of perspective when she initially mocks religion by reading a â€Å"hot pants† magazine in religion class. â€Å"It’s full of rubbish†¦do you think that they have a column named â€Å"are you a good Christian†?† the naÐ ¿ve and arrogant tone changes to a much more serious and mature one â€Å"I’ll believe in god and I won’t let any church rules take that away from me.† To allow changes to be easily observable, Marchetta uses chronological narrations where Josie’s life is told through the period of one year. â€Å"You know, a wonderful thing happened to me when I reflected back on my year, â€Å"one day† came because I finally understood.† Marchetta’s use of Intertexuality effectively highlights Josie’s emancipation â€Å"I’m not seventeen anymore, the seventeen where Janis Ian sang about where one learns the truth, but what she failed to mention is that you keeping learning truths after seventeen and I want to keep learning truths until the day I die.† This therefore conveys the notion that change is an ongoing process, not merely from point A to B. Miroslav Holub’s poetry â€Å"The Door† depicts the change as a process. The poem begins with the imperative â€Å"Go and open the door† which actively encourage the responders to explore change. â€Å"The door† symbolises the barriers which enclose and restrict people’s perspective to those of present. It also symbolises an entry into a new world of possibilities to gain a new perspective. The use of â€Å"Maybe† in italics and its repetition conveys that change has no certainties, but its results are dependent on the person’s perspective and interpretations â€Å"Maybe outside there’s a tree, a wood†. However, the use of an optimistic tone persuades the reader that â€Å"If there’s a fog, it will clear.† The use of figurative language describes the worst possibilities of change â€Å"even if there’s only the darkness tickling, even there is only the howling wind† then builds to a climax with a reductive sentence structure â€Å"even if Nothing Is there† This technique effectively forces the responder to read slower, until the last stanza, the coda which contains the theme of the poem â€Å"at least there’ll be a draught†. It shows that whatever the possibilities, whether good or bad, people will ultimately benefit from change. The similar notions are conveyed in â€Å"LFA† where the process of Josie’s change begins with obstacles, but she is able to successfully embrace change thus directing it to the best results, seen through her emancipations. Similar concepts of change are represented in the film â€Å"American History X†. The Protagonist Danny is brother to the leader of a fascist gang (D.O.C.), Derek who is imprisoned for the killing of a black American. Initially, Danny lives in a troublesome part of the America where racial tension is wide spread. Naturally, his psychological, social and ideological construction is based around white domination over the ethnic groups. His prejudice views however, radically changes as Derek is released from prison years later. His confrontation with Danny describes his experience in the prison thus highlighting that not one race is more superior. There are many techniques in the film that shapes meaning for change. The story, much like â€Å"LFA† is narrated in chronological order in the form of an essay. It effectively shows the processes of change as organised and structured. It also allows the responders to witness the perspectives of before â€Å"Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, those perils are polluting our beautiful country† and an after â€Å"we must be tolerant of each other’s differences, what separates us is not the culture, but good and evil.† Symbolism of swastika is highly effective in showing Derek’s initial fascist perspective towards the ethnics. However, later as he tries desperately to wash it off, it remains as it was tattooed showing Derek’s resentments for being a fascist. Changing perspective is evident in Danny’s act of ripping the Nazi flags off his room, which symbolises his movement away from the Nazi ideology. Intertexuality is employed to highlight Dannyà ¢â‚¬â„¢s change of perspective. Near the end of his film he quotes from Abraham Lincoln to convey his new perspectives â€Å"We are not enemies, but friends, we must not be enemies, though passions may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic cords of memory will swell when again touched as surely they will be by the angels of our nature.† Technique of denouement is employed to convey Danny’s final perspective, that of tolerance â€Å"Life’s too short to be pissed off all the time.† It concludes the film with the death of Danny by the gun of a black youth. The film conveys the notion that change is a process which will ultimately allow empathy into another perspective. However the outlook for further change is bleak for Danny whose process terminates at his death. This contrasts to Josie of â€Å"LFA† whose outlook is long and broad. Both texts explore the cultural crisis and universally convey that positive change of perspective needs to be self- directed to achieve greater balance in the society â€Å"My father Began as a God† conveys the notion of change through many ways. It is similar to â€Å"LFA† as it is narrated in first person chronologically. The responders are then able to observe the changes of perspective from the narrator from young to old. The first two stanzas describes the father in a toddler’s eyes, with figurative language and biblical allusion to Moses â€Å"My father began as a god†¦as if bought down from Sinai† Proceeding to the third stanza, an obvious change in tone shows the change of perspective of narrator to an adolescent â€Å"until by my time of adolescence, he had become a foolish small man.† This effectively contrasts to the previous stanza and allow the responders to empathise with the narrator of a gigantic god transforming into a small man. The arrogant tone changes as the narrator matures on the next stanza, reaching empathy â€Å"his faults and his intolerances, scaled away into the past revealing v irtues.† The process of change ends for the father, but continues for the narrator in the last stanza â€Å"how the deeper he recedes into the grave the more I see myself as just one of all the little men.† The empathetic tone conveys that change is an ongoing process, and perspective alters after experience thus reaching ultimate empathy. This poem contrasts to â€Å"The Door† as it represents change as a definite and predicative process, whereas â€Å"The Door† coveys change as a more ambivalent kind. The idea of outlook is bleak in this poem where it shows the ultimate outcome is death but the message conveyed in â€Å"LFA† as well as â€Å"The Door† is those of infinite possibilities for further change. Finally, â€Å"Student finds enlightenment in an embrace with her heritage† is a feature article that explores the changing perspectives of ethnical Australian culture. Thao Nguyen’s initial perspectives are shaped by her aspiration of childhood that she â€Å"prayed to God that one day she’ll wake up with blonde hair and blue eyes.† Living in a society where the white Anglo-Saxons claims majority, her ideology is shown in direct quote â€Å"You seem more accepted when you are white.† Her confused psychological state is highlighted by her â€Å"try to surround herself with only ‘white’ friends.† When she was young However, the catalysts for the change occur after she discovers on her passport that she is an Australian. Her thoughts were that â€Å"I thought Australian was white and I never called myself Australian.† Due to this revelation, her perspective begins to mature through time, especially after her humanitarian wor k in Vietnam. She claims that â€Å"It was a very enlightening experience and a turning point where I realised who I was.† It can be seen in this case that experience shapes new perspectives. The outcome of change is conveyed through the pull quote which is situated at the centre of the article, highlighting the theme â€Å"I wasn’t completely Vietnamese in an Australian society, nor completely Australian in a Vietnamese society. I was a hybrid of both and that was ok.† To a further extent, the result of change is positively portrayed by the photograph of Thao smiling, looking relaxed and attractive. The caption is integrated to convey the acceptance of change, of Thao being â€Å"Happy to be Australian†. The headline of the article also suggests that change is embraced. The final result is always dependant on the person’s ability to direct change to their advantage. This article makes some uncanny resemblance to â€Å"LFA† as both texts explore the cultural identity crisis. Although some psychological factors between Josie and Thao are different; where Josie has only â€Å"wog† friends and Thao befriends with the white Australians; Both characters are able to open â€Å"The Door† thus finding self definition. Therefore, although the styles and form may be different, both texts are able to sustain a universal theme of change. In conclusion, change is definitely a process that can sometimes be spontaneous in nature. However, different people’s psychological, social and ideological construction shapes their perspectives that reflect on the way they respond and direct that change. The different stages of change are universally shaped by different texts and techniques by characters like Josie in â€Å"LFA†, Danny in â€Å"American History X† and the personas/narrators in â€Å"The Door† and â€Å"My father began as a God† as well as Thao Nguyen in â€Å"Student finds Enlightenment in an embrace with her heritage†. It then can be said that change, although come in many forms all explores similar universal themes. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Changing Perspective topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Its My Job Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Its My Job - Assignment Example t restore the employee to the same position upon return to work, on condition that if the position is no longer available, the returning worker will be given a new position with a substantially the same benefits, pay, and responsibilities. Jean did her best to compromise by giving Betty a part-time position (presumably commensurate with her previous position) as long as it is permanent position also and not a temporary job. This is also in view of Bettys previous request to work only on the days when her husband is available and be at home to care for the new baby. The exigencies of the service required a full-time employee (Joanne) be put in place of Bettys old position as it is an important job function at the hospital (Kilpatrick & Johnson, 1999, p. 56) 3. The responsibilities of the hospital administrator include ensuring hospital operations are efficient and not disrupted due to absences of personnel (whether on leave or not) and to comply with pertinent labor laws (Bernstein, 2004, p. 330). The department director (who is Jeans supervisor) should make sure all employees are familiar with FMLA and its

Questions to be answered Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions to be answered - Essay Example If this freezer breaks down due to poor maintenance it will cost them money to repair or replace the broken freezer. Either way, the restaurant needs to have the freezer fixed or replaced in order to keep the products from spoilage and to let the restaurant fully operate. That is why it will cause the restaurant expense if proper maintenance isn’t observed. Second is wastage of resources, for example, ice creams in the restaurant needs to be stored in the freezer to prevent it from melting, if the freezer is broken due to damage or improper maintenance, it will cause the ice cream to melt, and once the ice cream has melted it cannot be served to the guest during the restaurant’s operation, thus causing the restaurant wastage of resources. Third is disruption and inconvenience, for example, if the guest in the restaurant orders an ice cream and the freezer is broken due to damage and improper maintenance as stated above, it will cause disruption and inconvenience to both the guest and restaurant because the order of the guest will be delayed and the restaurant might need to order the ice cream from another outlet causing disruption and inconvenience because of poor maintenance of the equipment. Fourth is erosion of image and reputation, for example, if the restaurant has poor maintenance in their building causing water leaks from the roof and cracks from the wall and allowing termites to crawl out of it, it will give the guest a very bad dining experience and they could also share their unpleasant experience with their friends who are potential customers, thus causing the restaurant’s erosion of image and reputation. Therefore, proper maintenance should always be observed to prevent these consequences from happening. Life cycle costing determines the present value of an asset during its operating life and its end life from initial capital cost, occupation costs and operating costs. It is beneficial to take this approach when managing maintenance because